British government and the wind industry claim that costs are falling. The analysis finds that offshore construction costs rose until the early 2010s and show no sign of a sharp decline. Costs have increased by about 15% for every doubling in total wind capacity in NW Europe, mostly because of using sites that are more distant from shore and in deeper water.

European Central Bank executive board member Fabio Panetta said a digital euro might be the innovation that sees negative interest rates passed directly to consumers. Panetta said officials keen to prevent bank runs could make the hoarding of digital central bank money unattractive by “penalizing remuneration” of holdings in excess of 3,000 euros.