Prices of copper, platinum and lithium are rising. Copper is needed for wind farms, platinum for hydrogen production, and lithium for battery production. New environmental guidelines are making future production of copper and aluminium more difficult. This could make carbon dioxide-free electricity significantly more expensive than previously thought.

The EU will need to invest €500 billion in new generation nuclear power stations, said Thierry Breton, the EU internal market commissioner. To label energy from nuclear power and natural gas as "green" was a vital step towards attracting investors. Currently, the bloc gets 26% of its energy from nuclear power, by 2050, this would be reduced to 15%.